Developing Asia to grow just 0.1% in 2020: ADB

• Down from 2.2% forecast in April; would be slowest growth for the region since 1961
• ADB Chief says economies in Asia and the Pacific will continue to feel the blow of COVID-19 pandemic this year
• Economic activity in Southeast Asia expected to contract by 2.7% this year
• East Asia the only sub region to experience growth this year

Developing Asia will barely grow in 2020 as containment measures to address the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic hamper economic activity and weaken external demand, according to a new set of forecasts from the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

In a regular supplement to its annual flagship economic publication, the Asian Development Outlook (ADO) 2020 released in April, ADB forecasts growth of 0.1 percent for the region in 2020. 

This is down from the 2.2 percent forecast in April and would be the slowest growth for the region since 1961. Growth in 2021 is expected to rise to 6.2 percent, as forecast in April. Gross domestic product (GDP) levels in 2021 will remain below what had been envisioned and below pre-crisis trends.

Excluding the newly industrialized economies of Hong Kong, China; the Republic of Korea; Singapore; and Taipei, China, developing Asia is forecast to grow 0.4  percent this year and 6.6 percent in 2021.

“Economies in Asia and the Pacific will continue to feel the blow of the COVID-19 pandemic this year even as lockdowns are slowly eased and select economic activities restart in a ‘new normal’ scenario,” said ADB Chief Economist Yasuyuki Sawada. 

“While we see a higher growth outlook for the region in 2021, this is mainly due to weak numbers this year, and this will not be a V-shaped recovery. Governments should undertake policy measures to reduce the negative impact of COVID-19 and ensure that no further waves of outbreaks occur.”

Risks to the outlook remain on the downside. The COVID-19 pandemic may see multiple waves of outbreaks in the coming period and sovereign debt and financial crises cannot be ruled out. There is also the risk of renewed escalation in trade tensions between the United States and the People’s Republic of China (PRC).

East Asia is forecast to grow 1.3 percent in 2020—the only sub region to experience growth this year—while growth in 2021 will recover to 6.8 percent. Growth in the PRC is forecast at 1.8 percent this year and 7.4 percent in 2021, compared to the April estimates of 2.3 percent and 7.3 percent respectively. 

Hit hard by COVID-19, South Asia is forecast to contract by 3.0 percent in 2020, compared to 4.1 percent growth predicted in April. Growth prospects for 2021 are revised down to 4.9 percent from 6.0 percent. India’s economy is forecast to contract by 4.0 percent in fiscal year (FY) 2020, ending on 31 March 2021, before growing 5.0 percent in FY2021.

Economic activity in Southeast Asia is expected to contract by 2.7 percent this year before growing by 5.2 percent in 2021. Contractions are forecast in key economies as containment measures affect domestic consumption and investment, including Indonesia (-1.0 percent), the Philippines (-3.8 percent), and Thailand (-6.5 percent). Viet Nam is forecast to grow 4.1 percent in 2020. While that is 0.7 percentage points lower than ADB’s April estimates, it is the fastest growth expected in Southeast Asia.

Central Asia’s economic activity is expected to contract by 0.5 percent compared to the 2.8 percent growth forecast in April due to trade disruptions and low oil prices. Growth is forecast to recover to 4.2 percent in 2021.

Restricted trade flows and declining tourism numbers have dampened economic outlook for the Pacific sub region. The subregional economy is forecast to contract by 4.3 percent in 2020 before rising to 1.6 percent growth in 2021.
Inflation for developing Asia is forecast at 2.9 percent in 2020, down from a forecast of 3.2 percent in April, reflecting depressed demand and lower oil prices. In 2021, inflation is expected to ease to 2.4 percent.

ADB is committed to achieving a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and the Pacific, while sustaining its efforts to eradicate extreme poverty. Established in 1966, it is owned by 68 members—49 from the region.