Disruptive activities of a Coal Power Plant; ‘Norochcholai’ too hot for marine life

Norochcholai Power Plant

• Kalpitiya Reef under serious threat
• Norochcholai Coal Power Plant threatens to destroy coral
• The coal ash and dust particles emitted from the plant pose a serious threat to the area’s agricultural crops as well as marine life
• The release of water at a temperature of around 7 degrees centigrade (°C) to the sea by the coal power plant has led to the destruction of marine life in the vicinity
• Norochcholai Coal Power Plant officials claim that the water is cooled prior to being released into the sea
• A large amount of coal, similar to the quantity of a shipload, has been deposited on the seabed around Norochcholai

Whilst the world’s coral reef sanctuaries are facing the threat of being destroyed due to rising sea temperatures, local environmental groups have identified that the Kalpitiya Reef in Sri Lanka – also known as Bar Reef – faces the threat of being destroyed not as a result of rising ocean temperatures, but due to activities of the Norochcholai Coal Power Plant.

According to a recently published Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report, many instances of environmental destruction have taken place in connection with the Norochcholai (Lakvijaya) Coal Power, Plant located in Puttalam. 
The Daily Mirror uncovered that the 306-square kilometre coral reef sanctuary located 15 km from the Norochcholai Coal Power Plant, and identified as a favourite amongst tourists, is currently facing the threat of being destroyed. 
While the first phase of the 300 MW Norochcholai Coal Power Plant in Puttalam was constructed in 2011 the second phase – a 600 MW plant – was constructed in 2014. 

The power plant has the potential to meet part of the country’s electricity requirement, but the coal ash and dust particles emitted from the plant pose a serious threat to the area’s agricultural crops as well as marine life and the coral reef sanctuary in Kalpitiya.
It is in this backdrop that the Government has focused its attention on implementing the third phase of the Norochcholai Coal Power Plant.

According to an EIA conducted in the Kalpitiya sea area, it has been discovered that the release of water at a temperature of around 7 degrees centigrade (°C) to the sea by the coal power plant has led to the destruction of marine life in the vicinity including seaweed.  
Furthermore, the discharge of coal ash particles from the power plant into the sea, and the coal that falls into the sea while it is being unloaded at the power plant, which melts and flows into the Kalpitiya Coral Reef Sanctuary Zone, are also compounding the destruction of the coral reef. 

I am ready to discuss the matter directly with the Norochcholai power plant management in the future. This was a serious environmental problem 

- MEPA Chairperson Attorney-at-Law Dharshani Lahandapura 

It is learned that several government departments have informed the Norochcholai Coal Power Plant management about their concerns in writing, but no government agency has been appointed to oversee it. When inquired, Director General of the Department of Wildlife Conservation (DWC) M.G.C. Sooriyabandara said that the EIA report had shown that grave damage is being caused to the coral reef sanctuary area due to the water that is being released into the sea by the Norochcholai Coal Power Plant and the dust particles emitted by the coal 
combustion process. 

However, he said that despite the Norochcholai Coal Power Plant management being notified of this matter on several occasions, it hadn’t produced a positive response. Additionally, the absence of an institution to monitor this process has given rise to many issues. 
Although the DWC has authorised the preparation of EIAs on several such projects, it is unfortunate that there is no mechanism to monitor them.

"I am not aware of such a situation. Although the sea is a vast area, steps would be taken to pay more attention to this, as there is an obvious impact"

Secretary to the Ministry of Environment Dr. Anil Jasinghe

He also said that in some cases, when officials of the Norochcholai Power Plant were questioned about the extinction of marine life, the information they provide hasn’t been accurate.
Sooriyabandara said that based on information received by the DWC, there has been some impact on the Kalpitiya sea area due to the Norochcholai Power Plant, adding that the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) should probe the matter and take appropriate legal action. 
When inquired about this, the Chairperson of the Marine Environment Protection Authority (MEPA), Attorney-at-Law Dharshani Lahandapura said that it has been identified that the water released from this power plant as well as the coal emissions are causing some damage to the marine environment of 
the region.

Kalpitiya scuba diving bar reef

An EIA has shown that part of the coral reef sanctuary is covered with coal ash dust particles.
However, she said that when inquired, the Norochcholai Coal Power Plant officials claim that the water is cooled prior to being released into the sea. 
However, she said that she was ready to discuss the matter directly with the Norochcholai power plant management in the future and that this was a serious environmental problem.
Although the MEPA has some responsibility to probe this matter, the DWC has a greater responsibility, said MEPA 
Chairperson Lahandapura.

When inquiries were made from the Secretary to the Ministry of Environment Dr. Anil Jasinghe he said that he wasn’t aware of such a situation. Jasinghe added that although the sea was a vast area, steps would be taken to pay more attention to this, as there is an obvious impact. 
He said that although this plant is based on Chinese technology, it cannot be deemed that there is no issue; adding that some responsibility also falls on the Ministry of Power as well. 
Dr. Jasinghe added that the Ministry of Power should definitely get involved in resolving this issue, pointing out that under these circumstances, it would cause problems in implementing the third phase of the Norochcholai Power Plant. 

The coral reefs face the danger of being destroyed even if the ocean temperature increases by a mere one degree centigrade. It has been identified that the temperature of the seawater in the vicinity of the Norochcholai power plant has increased”

-  DWC’s Assistant Director in charge of marine reserve sanctuaries Manjula Amararatne

The DWC’s Assistant Director in charge of marine reserve sanctuaries, Manjula Amararatne said that the Hikkaduwa, Rumassala, and Kalpitiya zones have been brought under the Department of Wildlife Conservation through a special gazette notification.
Amararatne said that the coral reefs face the danger of being destroyed even if the ocean temperature increases by a mere one degree centigrade. It has been identified that the temperature of the seawater in the vicinity of the Norochcholai power plant has increased, and it is very noticeable even when you 
touch the water.

“However, it is not known whether this is monitored by any agency. Its monitoring should be done by the same institution that carried out the EIA,” he opined.
Assistant Director Amararatne said that as the Norochcholai Power Plant has a dolphin zone about 5-6 km away and more attention should be paid to this issue.

When inquired about this situation, Centre for Environmental Justice (CEJ) Executive Director Hemantha Vithanage said that the water released into the sea from the Norochcholai power plant is never cooled, adding that as the water released into the sea is 7°C , it will invariably cause damage to marine life as well as the coral reefs. 
It has been reported that as the ash from this coal power plant was not purchased by any company, it is being released into the sea.  
Vithanage further stated that a large amount of coal falls into the sea while being unloaded by barges, adding that a large amount of coal, similar to the quantity of a shipload, has been deposited on the seabed around Norochcholai.
When this matter was brought to the notice of President Gotabaya Rajapaksa by Colombo Archbishop Malcolm Cardinal Ranjith, the President had promised to take 
immediate action.

"The water released into the sea from the Norochcholai power plant is never cooled, adding that as the water released into the sea is 7°C , it will invariably cause damage to marine life as well as the coral reefs"

CEJ Executive Director Hemantha Vithanage

The CEJ Executive Director Vithanage further stated that the Department of Wildlife Conservation, Marine Environment Protection Authority, Ministry of Environment, Central Environmental Authority, and the Ministry of Power and Energy should intervene in this matter.
A senior official of the Puttalam Wildlife Zonal Office stated that the fish in the area are in danger of extinction due to the water at a temperature of 7°C being released from the Norochcholai Power Plant.

He said that if this situation is not addressed there is a possibility that dolphins, which are abundant in the Kalpitiya region, being affected in the future. He added that an EIA report should be obtained again before the commencement of the third phase of the Norochcholai Coal Power Plant.
This officer further said that a recent search had found that there was no seaweed or sea creatures in the sea around the Norochcholai Coal Power Plant.

Officials of DWC’s Marine Reserve Sanctuaries state that the Norochcholai power plant has a dolphin zone about 5-6 km away and more attention should be paid to this issue